A simple method of estimating rock mass porosity and permeability     

Cheng Haw Lee  Ian. W. Farmer 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1990,8(1):57-65

Conclusion A simple method of estimating fracture porosity and permeability based on empirical relations between fracture aperture andJRC andJCS can be developed. This shows very close correlation with existing data, using simple discontinuity models. There is quite a good correlation between fracture porosity and permeability and depth for larger initial apertures.  相似文献   

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND ROLE OF THERMALS IN THE STRATUS-TOPPED BOUNDARY LAYER          下载免费PDF全文

申绍华  周明煜 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,(3)

From results of two large-eddy simulation of stratus-topped boundary layer,the structure,thermodynamic prop-erties and role of thermals are investigated by using conditional sampling methods,which divided the thermals into thewarm/moist,cool/dry,warm/dry and cool/moist events.The results show that the main turbulent circulation in thestratus-topped boundary layer is composed of the warm/moist updraft and cool/dry downdraft.Below entrainmentregion,the warm/moist updrafts and cool/dry downdrafts are,respectively,positively and negatively buoyant andcontribute most to total fluxes and variances.Evaporative cooling has important effect on the structure and thermodynamic properties of thermals instratus-topped boundary layer.  相似文献   

THE STUDY OF HIGH EFFICIENT AgI PYROTECHNICS AND THEIR NUCLEATING PROPERTIES^*          下载免费PDF全文

Feng Daxiong  Chen Ruzhen  Jiang Gengwang  Luo Binghe  Cui Yunshan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1994,8(3):329-336

Two kinds of high efficient Agl pyrotechnics BR-88-5 and BR-91-Y have been developed.The tests in the cloud chamber show that the AgI ice nucleating effectiveness can reach up to 10¹⁵/g,and the BR-91-Y has even higher ice nucleating rate.Two kinds of foreign AgI pyrotechnics have been made according to the given formulations and also tested in the cloud chamber for comparison.X-ray diffraction analysis for the aerosols produced by burning BR-91-Y shows that AgI in acrosols still retains the hexagonal crystal form and the lattice parameters are smaller than those of pure AgI and other AgI composite nuclei,and closer to ice.Combining with the other tests,the reasons for the high efficiency of BR-91-Y have been discussed.  相似文献   

岩性、含油气性、有效覆盖压力对纵、横波速度的影响   总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

沈联蒂  史謌 《地球物理学报》1994,37(3):391-399

在具有代表性的正旋回砂砾岩储层中，８种不同岩性的典型样品，在５种含油（气）水饱和状态下测试了纵、横波速度（Ｖｐ和Ｖｓ）与有效覆盖压力（△Ｐ）变化关系曲线。结果表明：（１）Ｖｐ和Ｖｓ与△Ｐ呈指数递增，Ｖｐ和Ｖｓ随△Ｐ变化在低压范围比高压范围更敏感，而Ｖｐ比Ｖｓ的灵敏度高。（２）同一状态下，同一非均质单层内的岩性变化范围控制了不同的Ｖｐ－△Ｐ，Ｖｓ－△Ｐ曲线族的宽度。岩性由细到粗，Ｖｐ－△Ｐ曲线由低向高变化，含钙、含砾粗砂岩的Ｖｐ－△Ｐ曲线处于曲线族的上界，砾状砂岩的Ｖｐ－△Ｐ曲线低于含砾粗砂岩的Ｖｐ－△Ｐ曲线。Ｖｓ－△Ｐ曲线也有上述规律。（３）同一样品，研究５种不同饱和度状态下的Ｖｐ－△Ｐ和Ｖｓ－△Ｐ曲线，发现无论压力条件如何，波速与饱和度均呈线性关系。（４）在同一的非均质单层内，Ｖｐ－△Ｐ，Ｖｓ－△Ｐ变化曲线随着含油、气、水饱和状态的不同具有明显的分带性。气饱和Ｖｐ－△Ｐ曲线族在形态及幅度变化上明显区别于油、水饱和状态，束缚水、残余油状态的Ｖｐ－△Ｐ曲线族，Ｖｓ－△Ｐ曲线也有上述规律。气饱和状态的Ｖｐ和Ｖｓ随△Ｐ变化的敏感度高于油、水饱和状态，气饱和状态的Ｖｐ随△Ｐ变化的敏感度高于Ｖｓ。  相似文献   

Interpretation of Mauna Loa atmospheric transmission relative to aerosols,using photometric precipitable water amouts     

Ellsworth G. Dutton  John J. Deluisi  P. Arne 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1985,3(1):53-68

Precipitable water measurements made coincident in time and space with direct broadband solar irradiance measurements are used in conjunction with an atmospheric transmission model to derive a parameter whose major dependence is on total aerosol extinction. Irradiance measurements are used to calculate an atmospheric transmission factor (ATF) that is independent of the instrument calibration and the extraterrestrial solar constant. The dependency of the ATF on precipitable water is determined using LOWTRAN5, an atmospheric transmission model with high spectral resolution. Precipitable water measurements are then used to adjust the measured ATF to correspond to an ATF value obtained for a constant precipitable water amount. The remaining variability in the adjusted ATF is due mostly to aerosol extinction. The technique is applied to a 6-year period (1978–1983) for clear-sky mornings at Mauna Loa, Hawaii (MLO). MLO ATF aerosol residuals are compared with independently measured monochromatic aerosol optical depth. Results show that the ATF aerosol residual is nearly equal to the 500 nm aerosol optical depth prior to the eruption of E1 Chichon, at which time a nonlinear time-dependent relationship between the two quantities is evident. ATF aerosol residuals reflect the spectrally integrated aerosol influence on transmission and, therefore, could indicate better than monochromatic optical depth the radiation balance perturbations due to aerosols. The 6-year precipitable water record for MLO, determined from a dual-channel sunphotometer, has a mean value of 0.3 cm. An annual cycle in precipitable water is evident, as is a 4-month 5-standard-deviation drought from December 1982 through March 1983.  相似文献   

Thermal properties as controls on rock surface temperature maxima,and possible implications for rock weathering     

J. P. McGreevy 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1985,10(2):125-136

Four rock types (basalt, sandstone, granite, and chalk) are examined with respect to the maximum surface temperatures which they experience when subjected to similar conditions of exposure. Rock temperature measurements are reported for an urban environment and for two experimental situations in which an infrared lamp is used to simulate heating under cold and hot conditions. Differences in rock temperatures are discussed with reference to thermal rock properties (albedo, specific heat capacity, and thermal conductivity). Some natural situations are suggested in which thermal rock properties could conceivably play a role in determining the extent to which rocks would be affected by particular weathering processes.  相似文献   

The influence of soil properties on the erodibility of Belgian loamy soils: A study based on rainfall simulation experiments     

Th. Verhaegen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1984,9(6):499-507

Twenty soils from the Leuven region were tested in the laboratory with a rainfall simulator. Their texture varied from loam to loamy sand. On the basis of the results obtained, they were classified as a function of the runoff and splash erodibility. For every soil, several properties were determined and tentatively used to explain the classifications based on the runoff and splash erodibility. Significant negative correlations were found between silt content, aggregate stability, C_5–10 index, water content at saturation, and cohesion on the one side and erodibility on the other; a positive correlation was found between sand content and erodibility.  相似文献   

某些方解石单晶的光学质量评价     

黄德群 《矿物学报》1986,(4)

本文用光学方法检查了经野外地质工作者挑选过的天然方解石单晶的光学质量。发现部分晶体的光学均匀性很差,晶体中的光散射颗粒很多,不能满足作为光学介质的要求。  相似文献   

Rock moisture content in the field and the laboratory and its relationship to mechanical weathering studies     

Kevin Hall 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1986,11(2):131-142

Rock moisture content is a major control of mechanical weathering, particularly freeze-thaw, and yet almost no data exist from field situations. This study presents moisture content values for rocks, taken from a variety of positions and conditions, in the maritime Antarctic. Additional information regarding the amount of water the rock could take up, as observed from laboratory experiments, is also presented. The results show that the approaches used in simulation experiments, particularly that of soaking a rock for 24 hours, may produce exaggerated results. It was found that the saturation coefficient (S-value) was a good indicator of frost susceptibility (based on water content) but that the derivation of that value may underestimate the potential of some rocks. The distribution of moisture within rocks is seen as an important, but unkown, factor. The results of these field moisture contents suggest that for simulations of freeze-thaw or hydration to be meaningful then they should have rock water contents based on field observations.  相似文献   

平顶山矿区钻探泥浆的研究     

曾铁军 《煤田地质与勘探》1995,23(4):62-67

介绍了平顶山矿区地质特征、钻孔护壁概况和５种不同体系泥浆的组成特点、配方及性能参数；对泥浆的密度与固相含量、粘度与流变特性、滤水特性及防涌防漏的主要技术性能和作用机理进行了探讨；综合分析了各类泥浆的钻进技术效果和经济效益。  相似文献